European alternatives to GitHub

GitHub hosts Git repositories with pull requests, issues, Actions for CI/CD, Packages for artifacts, and Copilot for code suggestions. Microsoft acquired it in 2018. Beyond the product, it functions as the default address of open source: a project not on GitHub is harder for contributors to find, and dependency tooling across most language ecosystems resolves to GitHub URLs.

Replacing it therefore splits in two. Replacing the tool — repositories, review, CI — is well served, and the European options here are mature. Replacing the network is not something any alternative can offer, which is why most projects that move keep a GitHub mirror. Weigh Actions minutes, the migration path for issues and pull requests, and whether contributors will follow.